2.1
PENGERTIAN
DAN POLA PASSIVE VOICE
Passive Voice
(kalimat pasif) adalah kalimat yang di dalam Bahasa Indonesia menggunakan kata
kerja berawalan “di” (dipanggil, ditulis, dijual dan sebagainya). Passive Voice
ini tidak akan pernah lepas dari bahan percakapan sehari-hari meupun di dalam
buku-buku bacaan.
Dalam Bahasa Inggris kalimat pasif menggunakan pola :
TO BE+VERB-3 |
Pola ini berlaku untuk semua tenses yang ada. Tentu saja “To Be” dalam
kalimat harus disesuaikan dengan tenses dan subjek yang dipergunakan. Namun
demikian bentuk pasif “been being” dan “be being” jarang sekali dipakai.
2.2 Aturan-aturannya mengubah kalimat dari aktif ke pasif (The
rules of Passive Voice) :
1. The sentence must have oject (transitive verb).
2. Object in active will be subject in passive.
3. Subject in active will be object in passive.
4. We must use past participle (verb-III).
5. The arrange of sentence depends on tenses.
2.3 Rumus Passive Voice untuk Setiap Tenses
1.
SIMPLE
PRESENT TENSE
Pattern :
Is, Are, Am, + Verb-III
For Example :
1. I write a letter (active)
A letter is written by me (passive).
2. I don’t write a letter
A letter is not written by me.
3. Do you write a letter?
Is a letter written by you?
2.
PRESENT
CONTINUOUS TENSE
Pattern :
Is, Am, Are + Being + Verb-III
For Example :
1. I am reading a book
A book is being read by me
2. I am not reading a book
A book isn’t being read by me
3. Are you reading a book?
Is a book being read by you?
3.
PRESENT
PERFECT TENSE
Pattern :
Have/Has + been + Verb-III
For Example :
1. They have brought a pen
A pen has been brought by them
2. They haven’t brought a pen
A pen hasn’t been brought by them
3. Have they brought a pen?
Has a pen been brought by them?
4.
PRESENT
PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Pattern :
Have/Has + Been + Being + Verb-III
For Example :
1. We have been cutting grass
Grass has been being cut by me
2. I haven’t been cutting grass
Grass hasn’t been being cut by me
3. Have I been cutting grass?
Has grass been being cut by me?
5.
SIMPLE
PAST TENSE
Pattern :
Was/were + Verb-III
For Example :
1. I took money
Money was taken by me
2. I didn’t take money
Money wasn’t taken by me
3. Did you take money?
Was money taken by you?
6.
PAST
CONTINUOUS TENSE
Pattern :
Was/Were + being + Verb-III
For Example :
1. She was telling story
Story was being told by her
2. She wasn’t telling story
Story wasn’t being told by her
3. Was she telling story?
Was story being told by her?
7.
PAST
PERFECT TENSE
Pattern :
Had + Been + Verb-III
For Example :
1. He had studied English
English had been studied by him
2. He hadn’t studied English
English hadn’t been studied by him
3. Had he studied English?
Had English been studied by him?
8.
PAST
PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Pattern:
Had + Been + Being + Verb-III
For Example :
1. They had been studying English
English had been being studied by them
2. They hadn’t been studied English
English hadn’t been being studied by them
3. Had they been studying English?
Had English been being studied by them?
9.
SIMPLE
FUTURE TENSE
Pattern :
Will + Be + Verb-III
For Example :
1. I will buy a pen
A pen will be bought by me
2. I won’t buy a pen
A pen won’t be bought by me
3. Will you buy a pen?
Will a pen be bought by you?
10.
FUTURE
CONTINUOUS TENSE
Pattern :
Will + Be + Being + Verb-III
For Example :
1. I will be speaking Sundanese
Sundanese will be being spoken by me
2. I won’t be speaking Sundanese
Sundanese won’t be being spoken by me
3. Will you be speaking Sundanese?
Will Sundanese be being spoken by you?
11.
FUTURE
PERFECT TENSE
Pattern :
Will + Have + Been + Verb-III
For Example :
1. You will have sung a song
A song will have been sung by you
2. You won’t have sung a song
A song won’t have been sung by you
3. Will you have sung a song?
Will a song have been sung by you?
12.
FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Pattern :
Will + Have + Been + Being + Verb-III
For Example :
1. She will have been reading magazine
Magazine will have been being read by her
2. She won’t have been reading magazine
Magazine won’t have been being read by her
3. Will she have been reading magazine?
Will magazine have been being read by her?
13.
SIMPLE PAST FUTURE
Pattern :
Would + Be + Verb-III
For Example :
1. We would solve this problem
This problem would be solved by us
2. We wouldn’t solve this problem
This problem wouldn’t be solved by us
3. Would we solve this problem?
Would this problem be solved by us?
14.
PAST FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
Pattern :
Would + Be + Being + Verb-III
For Example :
1. I would be doing homework
Homework would be being done by me
2. I wouldn’t be doing homework
Homework wouldn’t be being done by me
3. Would you be doing homework?
Would homework be being done by you?
15.
PAST
FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
Pattern :
Would + Have + Been + Verb-III
For Example :
1. You would have seen flower
Flower would have been seen by you
2. You wouldn’t have seen flower
Flower wouldn’t have been seen by you
3. Would I have seen flower?
Would have flower been seen by you?
16.
PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Pattern :
Would + Have + Been + Being + Verb-III
For Example :
1. They would have been killing a cow
A cow would have been being killed by them
2. They wouldn’t have been killing a cow
A cow wouldn’t have been being killed by them
3. Would they have been killing a cow ?
Would a cow have been being killed by them ?
B. MODAL PASSIVE VOICE
1. Present Modal
Pattern :
Will, Shall, Can, May, Must, Have to + Be + Verb-III
For Example :
1. I will speak Japanese
Japanese will be spoken by me
2. I can speak Japanese
Japanese can be spoken by me
3. I can’t speak Japanese
Japanese can’t be spoken by me
2. To Be Going To
Pattern :
To be going to + Be + Verb-III
For Example :
1. I am going to speak english (active)
English is going to be spoken by me (passive)
3. To Be Able To
Pattern :
To Be Able To + Be + Verb-III
For Example :
1. I am able to speak Arabic
Arabic is able to be spoken by me
2. I will be able to spppeeeak Chinese
Chinese will be able to be spoken by me
4. PAST MODAL
Pattern :
Would, Should, Could, Might, Had To + Be + Verb-III
For Example :
1. I would see you
You would be seen by me
2. You would study English
English would be studied by you
3. He could sing a song
A song could be sung by him
Notes :
1) Bentuk pasif biasanya juga dapat digunakan untuk menyatakan
perbuatan yang dilakukan tidak dengan sengaja, atau dalam Bahasa Indonesia
sepadan dengan arti “TER” dalam kalimat berikut ini :
a. I was woken up by that noise
( Saya terbangnkan oleh suara gaduh itu )
b. I was surprised to see him
( saya terkejut melihat dia )
c. I am interested in foreign language
( saya tertarik pada bahasa asing )
2) Kadang-kadang bentuk aktif (terutama infinitive) sering mempunyai
arti atau dimaksudkan untuk menyatakan pasif.
Contoh :
a. This book is easy to understand
( buku ini mudah untuk difahami )
b. He has a large family to support
( Dia mempunyai keluarga besar yang harus dibantu )
c. I have bought a new book to read
( Saya telah membeli sebuah buku baru untuk dibaca )
3) Jika kita melarang melakukan sesuatu kepada orang lain dengan
melibatkan kata kerja “di”, maka setelah kata “don’t” harus diletakan “be”.
Contoh :
a. Don’t be killded ! ( jangan dibunuh )
b. Don’t be thrown ! ( Jangan dibuang )
c. Don’t be hurt ! ( Jangan disakiti )
4) Jika dalam kalimat aktif terdapat dua objek, maka kedua-duanya dapat
dijadikan subjek dalam kalimat pasif.
Contoh :
a. Aktif : He gave me a book
( I was given a book by him ) passive
( a book was given to me by him ) passive
b. Aktif : She was bringing them a parcel
( They were being brought a parcel by her ) passive
( a parcel was being brought to them by her ) passive
c. Aktif : they lend me a pen
( I am lent a pen by them ) passive
( a pen is lent to me by them ) passive
Refrensi
http://belajaringgris.web.id/rumus-passive-voice.html (diakses pada September 2015)
http://inggrisonline.com/pengertian-rumus-dan-contoh-kalimat-passive-voice-pada-16-tense/
http://letsgostudyenglish.blogspot.co.id/2014/07/pengertian-contoh-dan-rumus-passive.html (diakses pada September 2015)
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar